Detailed Description: France - Order of the Black Star
The Order of the Black Star (Ordre de l'Étoile Noire) was established on December 1, 1889, by Toffa, the future king of Dahomey (now Benin). It was later recognized by France in 1894 and awarded to individuals who contributed to expanding French influence in West Africa. The order was discontinued in 1963 and replaced by the Ordre National du Mérite, though original members could continue wearing it.
Characteristics of the Medal:
Material & Design:
The medal features a Maltese cross with white enamel arms bordered in blue, mounted on a radiant golden background. A black star is centrally placed, giving the order its distinctive name.
Suspension:
The cross is suspended from a green enamel laurel wreath, which connects it to the ribbon.
Dimensions:
Height (including wreath suspension): 60.23 mm
Width: 37.76 mm
Ribbon:
Original light green ribbon with a roseate rosette, indicating an Officer (Officier) rank.
The ribbon appears aged with some visible folds and marks.
Ranks & Classes of the Order
The Order of the Black Star had five grades:
Grand Cross (Grand-croix) – Worn on a sash with a star badge.
Commander with Plaque (Commandeur avec plaque) – Worn on a neck ribbon with a breast star.
Commander (Commandeur) – Worn on a neck ribbon.
Officer (Officier) – Worn on the left breast with a ribbon rosette.
Knight (Chevalier) – Worn on the left breast with a simple ribbon.
From the images and ribbon details, this piece corresponds to the Officer (Officier) class, identifiable by the rosette on the ribbon.
Historical Context
Initially awarded by King Toffa of Dahomey to recognize service to his kingdom.
After the French annexation of Dahomey, it became a French colonial order and was awarded to both military and civilian personnel who contributed to French expansion in Africa.
After 1963, the award was no longer issued, but it remains an important historical artifact.
Condition & Observations
Enamel Work: The white and blue enamel appears well-preserved.
Metallic Parts: The gold and black elements have some signs of age-related wear.
Ribbon Condition: The original ribbon shows visible aging, with minor discoloration and folds.